Chandoli National Park, nestled in the Sangli district of Maharashtra, stands as a beacon of biodiversity and a testament to India’s dedication to wildlife conservation. Established in May 2004, the park’s roots trace back to 1985 when it was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary. Today, it forms the southern portion of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve, with the Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary making up the northern part.
Sahyadri Tiger Reserve
The Sahyadri Tiger Reserve, spanning 741.22 km² (286.19 sq mi), is a vital part of Project Tiger. Declared a tiger reserve by the National Tiger Conservation Authority on May 21, 2007, the reserve includes both Chandoli National Park and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary. Initial estimates suggested the reserve hosted nine tigers and 66 leopards, making it a critical habitat for these magnificent predators.
Location and Accessibility
Situated near the Chandoli Dam, Chandoli National Park lies between the coordinates 73°40' to 73°53' E and 17°03' to 17°20' N. This strategic location places it between the Radhanagiri and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuaries. The park is approximately 101 km from Sangli, making it accessible for nature enthusiasts and researchers alike.
Historical Significance
Chandoli National Park is steeped in history, hosting landmarks like the 17th-century Maratha forts of Prachitgad and Bhairavgad. During Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s reign, much of the area served as an open jail for prisoners of war. Later, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj used Prachitgad as an observation and recreational site, adding to the park’s historical allure.
Geographical Features
The park spans the Sahyadri Range in the Western Ghats, housing perennial water channels, water holes, and the Vasant Sagar Reservoir. With elevations ranging from 589 to 1,044 meters (1,932 to 3,425 feet), the park’s unique terrain includes flat-topped mountains, lateritic plateaus known as Saddas, large boulders, and caves. It is primarily fed by the Warna River and its tributaries, ensuring a rich water supply for its diverse ecosystems.
Flora
The vegetation of Chandoli National Park is a harmonious blend of Malabar Coast moist forests and North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests. Dwarf evergreen trees like the anjani ironwood, jamun, kokum, and crape myrtle dominate the landscape. Grasses such as bluestem, golden beard grass, and kangaroo grass are abundant, alongside rare insectivorous plants like sundews and bladderworts.
Fauna
The park is home to 23 mammal species, 122 bird species, and 20 species of amphibians and reptiles. Iconic animals such as tigers, leopards, Indian bison, and sloth bears are frequently spotted. Prey species like barking deer, sambar deer, and blackbuck thrive in the area, contributing to a balanced ecosystem. In 2018, a tiger was photographed in the park—the first such sighting in eight years—highlighting ongoing conservation successes.
Development Initiatives
Efforts to enhance Chandoli’s habitat include invasive species removal, soil and water conservation, vaccination of cattle, and the establishment of watch towers and nature trails. Grassland development and the desilting of water holes have further enriched the park’s biodiversity.
Challenges and Conservation
The proposed Karadi-Bhogiv hydro-electric project poses a significant threat, potentially impacting 6.78 km² of forest land. However, the relocation of 7,894 residents and their cattle from 32 villages within the park’s boundaries has facilitated vegetation regeneration and habitat preservation. These measures underscore the government’s commitment to balancing development with conservation.
Conclusion
Chandoli National Park is not just a haven for wildlife but also a repository of history and natural beauty. Its strategic importance within the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve and its ongoing conservation efforts make it a must-visit destination for nature lovers and history buffs alike. By preserving this ecological treasure, we ensure that future generations can continue to marvel at its wonders.
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